Heart Attack — Reference Guide

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

A heart attack happens when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a clot. This is a medical emergency.


? Signs & Symptoms

  • ? Persistent chest pain, tightness, or pressure (may spread to arm, neck, jaw, back, or stomach)

  • ? Shortness of breath

  • ? Cold, clammy sweating

  • ? Nausea or vomiting

  • ? Weakness, dizziness, or collapse

  • ⚠️ Sometimes mild or vague symptoms (especially in women, elderly, and people with diabetes)


?️ Treatment

  1. ? Call 999 immediately

    • Say “suspected heart attack.”

    • Stay on the line for instructions.

  2. ? Help casualty rest

    • Sit them down in a comfortable half-sitting position, with knees bent and back supported.

  3. ? Give Aspirin (if available & not allergic)

    • One adult aspirin (300mg), chewed slowly.

  4. ? Keep casualty calm & monitor

    • Loosen tight clothing.

    • Be ready to start CPR if they collapse and stop breathing.


? If Unconscious & Not Breathing

  • Begin CPR: 30 chest compressions : 2 rescue breaths.

  • Use an AED if available.

Related Topics

Further Information

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