Meningitis — Reference Guide

? Meningitis

Meningitis is a serious condition where the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord become inflamed, usually due to infection. It can develop quickly and may be life-threatening — prompt action is critical.

? Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms may appear suddenly and can include:

? In Babies & Young Children:

  • High-pitched crying
  • Difficulty waking / lethargy
  • Bulging soft spot (fontanelle)
  • Poor feeding
  • Rapid breathing
  • Cold hands and feet
  • Pale, blotchy, or mottled skin
  • Stiff body or floppy

? In Older Children & Adults:

  • Severe headache
  • Stiff neck
  • Fever
  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
  • Vomiting
  • Confusion or disorientation
  • Drowsiness or unresponsiveness
  • Seizures
  • Non-blanching rash (doesn’t fade when pressed)

Treatment

  1. Call 999 Immediately
    • Meningitis is a medical emergency.
    • Clearly state you suspect meningitis and describe symptoms.
  2. Keep the Person Comfortable
    • Lie them down in a quiet, dark room if possible.
    • Loosen clothing to help with fever.
  3. Monitor Breathing & Responsiveness
    • Be ready to begin CPR if they stop breathing.
    • If unconscious but breathing, place in recovery position.
  4. Do Not Delay
    • Never wait for all symptoms to appear.
    • Trust your instincts — early treatment saves lives.

The Glass Test for Rash

  • Press the side of a clear glass firmly against the rash.
  • If the rash does not fade, it may indicate meningococcal septicaemia.
  • This is a red flag — seek emergency help immediately.

❗ Important

  • Meningitis can be viral, bacterial, or fungal. Bacterial is the most dangerous and can be fatal within hours.
  • Even vaccinated individuals can still be affected by different strains.

?️ Prevention

  • Stay up to date with all routine vaccinations, including:
    • Meningitis B
    • Meningitis ACWY
  • Maintain good hygiene to reduce infection spread.

© 2025 First Aid For All | Skills for Life

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