Suspected Spinal Injuries inc Neck & Back injuries — Reference Guide

Suspected Spinal Injuries (Neck & Back)

Recognize, treat, and prevent complications from spinal injuries

A neck and back injury refers to any damage to the bones, muscles, ligaments, discs, nerves, or spinal cord in the cervical (neck) or thoracic/lumbar (back) regions. These injuries can range from mild muscle strains to serious spinal cord injuries that can cause paralysis or life-threatening complications.

The spine protects the spinal cord, which carries messages between the brain and the body. Damage to the spinal cord can lead to:

  • Numbness
  • Loss of movement (paralysis)
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control
  • Breathing problems (if the injury is high up in the neck)

Types of Neck and Back Injuries

  1. Muscle Strain or Sprain: Overstretching or tearing of muscles/ligaments.
  2. Fractured Vertebrae: Broken bones in the spinal column.
  3. Slipped or Herniated Disc: Disc bulges out and may press on nerves.
  4. Whiplash: Sudden force causes neck strain (common in car accidents).
  5. Spinal Cord Injury: Damage to the spinal cord; can result in paralysis.

? Always treat as a potential spinal injury until proven otherwise.

? Signs & Symptoms

Type Signs & Symptoms
? Neurological Symptoms - Numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or limbs
- Loss of sensation (can’t feel touch, heat, or cold)
- Weakness or paralysis in limbs
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
? Pain & Physical Signs - Severe pain in the neck, back, or head
- Pain worsens with movement or pressure
- Obvious deformity or twisted back/neck
- Tenderness when touching the spine
⚠️ Behavioural/Functional Changes - Loss of coordination or balance
- Difficulty walking or standing
- Shock, confusion, or extreme anxiety
- Breathing difficulties (especially with high spinal injuries)
? Unconsciousness/Altered Awareness - Drowsiness, confusion, or unconsciousness after trauma
- Person says, “I can’t feel my legs/arms”

Treatment

  1. ? Do NOT move the casualty: Movement can worsen a spinal injury. Keep head, neck, and spine aligned.
  2. ? Call 999 immediately: State you suspect a spinal injury and provide details.
  3. ?‍♂️➡️?‍♂️ Stabilise the head: Hold their head gently in place with both hands; encourage no movement.
  4. ?️ Reassure and monitor: Talk calmly and watch for changes in breathing or consciousness.
  5. ? Prevent shock: Keep warm with a blanket; do NOT give food or drink.
  6. ? If unconscious but breathing: Only place in recovery position if absolutely necessary (e.g., vomiting, airway blocked) while supporting head and neck.

? Important: Suspect Spinal Injury If

  • A fall from height or trauma to the head/neck/back
  • Pain in the neck or back
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in limbs
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control
  • Difficulty moving or walking after an accident

? Do NOT

  • Move or twist the person unless life is at risk
  • Let them walk or sit up
  • Remove helmets unless necessary for airway access

? Extra Tip

If the injury is due to a diving accident, always suspect neck injury.

Related Topics

Further Information

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