Fractures/Breaks — Reference Guide

Fractures / Breaks

A fracture is a break or crack in a bone ?. It can range from a small hairline crack to a complete break, sometimes piercing the skin (⚠️ open fracture).

? Types of Fractures ?

1. Closed (Simple) Fracture ?

The bone is broken but skin is intact. ? Most common type.

2. Open (Compound) Fracture ?

The bone breaks through the skin. ⚠️ High risk of infection and bleeding.

3. Greenstick Fracture ?

The bone bends and cracks — common in children. Like bending a twig.

4. Compression Fracture ⬇️

Bone is crushed, often in the spine. ? Common in elderly or with osteoporosis.

?Signs and Symptoms

  • ? Pain at the site of injury
  • ? Swelling and bruising
  • ? Deformity (limb looks bent or out of place)
  • ? Inability to move or bear weight
  • ? Grating sound or feeling
  • ? Bone sticking out (open fracture)

Treatment

1. ? Stay Safe & Reassure

  • ? Check for danger to yourself and the casualty.
  • ?‍♀️ Stay calm and reassure them.

2. ✋ Keep Them Still

  • ?️ Tell them not to move the injured area.
  • ? Support the limb in the position you found it.

3. ☎️ Call 999/112 If:

  • ? It’s an open fracture
  • ? Suspected head, neck, spine, pelvis or thigh fracture
  • ? Heavy bleeding or signs of shock

4. ? Stop Any Bleeding

  • Gently apply pressure around the wound.
  • ❌ Never press directly on a protruding bone.

5. ? Immobilise the Area

  • Use a sling or splint (if trained).
  • ?️ Pad around the injury to keep it stable.

6. ? Check Circulation

  • Look at fingers or toes for:
    • ? Colour
    • ? Temperature
    • ❤️ Pulse
    • ? Sensation

If anything seems wrong, it's an emergency ?.

7. ❌ Do Not...

  • ❌ Do not straighten the limb.
  • ❌ Do not push bones back in.
  • ❌ Do not move the person unless it's unsafe to leave them.

? Special Situations ⭐

? Open Fractures

  • ? Cover with a sterile dressing
  • ? Immobilise and support
  • ⚠️ Watch for shock

? Head/Neck/Spine Injuries

  • ? Do not move them
  • ? Call 999 or 112 immediately

© 2025 First Aid For All | Skills for Life

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