Burns (inc. electrical) & scalds — Reference Guide
? Burns
Recognize types of burns and provide effective first aid
? Types of Burns
Burns are categorized based on their depth and severity:
Partial Thickness (Second-degree) Burns
- Damages epidermis and part of the dermis
- Symptoms: Red, blistered, swollen, moist and very painful
Full Thickness (Third-degree) Burns
- Extends through all layers of skin and can damage nerves
- Symptoms: White, charred, leathery skin; may be painless due to nerve damage
?️ Treatment
? Step 1: Stop the burning process
- Remove the person from the source of heat
- Extinguish flames, remove hot or smouldering clothing if safe
? Step 2: Cool the burn
- Use cool running water for at least 20 minutes
- Do NOT use ice, creams, or greasy substances (e.g., butter)
? Step 3: Remove tight items
- Gently remove jewellery, belts, or tight clothing before swelling starts
? Step 4: Cover the burn
- Use a non-stick dressing or cling film (plastic wrap)
- Wrap loosely and avoid sticking to the wound
? Step 5: Monitor and reassure
- Keep the person warm
- Watch for signs of shock (pale, cold skin, fast breathing)
? Seek Medical Help If:
- The burn is deep, larger than a 50p coin, or on the face, hands, feet, groin, or major joints
- Blistering occurs
- It’s a chemical, electrical, or inhalation burn
- The person is under 5 or over 60 years old
- There are any signs of infection (e.g., pus, increased pain, redness)
? Electrical Burns
Electrical burns can be serious, with internal injuries that may not be immediately visible. Always prioritise your own safety before assisting the casualty.
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