SAMPLE — Reference Guide

SAMPLE: A First Aid Assessment Tool

Structured questions to assess a conscious casualty effectively

What is SAMPLE?

SAMPLE is a mnemonic that helps first aiders remember the key questions to ask a conscious casualty (or a witness) to understand their condition. It supports effective and structured patient assessment.

? S – Signs and Symptoms

  • Signs: What you can see, feel, hear, or smell (e.g., bleeding, sweating, vomiting).
  • Symptoms: What the casualty feels and tells you (e.g., pain, dizziness, nausea).

? A – Allergies

  • Ask if they are allergic to any medication, food, insect stings, or substances.
  • Note any known anaphylaxis risk.

? M – Medications

  • Are they currently taking any medication (prescribed, over-the-counter, or herbal)?
  • When did they last take it?
  • Could any medication be related to their condition?

? P – Past Medical History

  • Do they have any existing medical conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, heart issues)?
  • Any recent hospital visits or surgeries?

? L – Last Oral Intake

  • What was the last thing they ate or drank, and when?
  • This is important before giving medication or if surgery may be required.

? E – Events Leading Up To The Incident

  • What were they doing before the incident?
  • Helps to understand what caused the condition or injury (e.g., fell, exposed to allergens, experienced chest pain while walking).

? Why SAMPLE Is Important

  • It gives crucial background that can affect treatment.
  • Provides useful information for paramedics or hospital staff.
  • Ensures no important details are missed during initial care.

Related Topics

Further Information

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