Anaphylactic Shock — Reference Guide

? Anaphylactic Shock (Severe Allergic Reaction)

Recognize and respond to life-threatening allergic reactions quickly

What is Anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency caused by a severe allergic reaction. It can develop within seconds or minutes of exposure.

? Causes

  • ? Foods – peanuts, shellfish, eggs, milk
  • ? Medicines – antibiotics, painkillers, vaccines
  • ? Insect stings – bees, wasps
  • ? Latex, chemicals

? Signs & Symptoms

  • ⚡ Sudden onset of symptoms
  • ? Swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat
  • ? Difficulty breathing / noisy breathing / wheezing
  • ❤️ Rapid heartbeat, weak pulse
  • ? Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
  • ? Dizziness, confusion, collapse
  • ? Can quickly progress to unconsciousness

Treatment

? Call 999 Immediately – Say: “Anaphylaxis”

? Use Adrenaline Auto-Injector (EpiPen)

  • Inject into outer thigh
  • Can be given through clothing
  • Hold for 5 seconds
  • Record the time given
  • If no improvement after 5 minutes, give a second injector (if available)

? Position Safely

  • If breathing is difficult → sit upright
  • If dizzy or faint → lie down with legs raised
  • If unconscious but breathing → recovery position
  • If not breathing → start CPR

?‍?‍? Reassure & Monitor

  • Stay with casualty until help arrives
  • Loosen tight clothing
  • Keep them warm

✅ Key Point

Adrenaline is life-saving – do not delay!


Anaphylaxis in Schools — Benedict’s Law

Benedict’s Law is the new statutory guidance on allergy safety in schools, named after Benedict Blythe, a five-year-old who died from anaphylaxis at school. From September 2026, schools and state-maintained nurseries in England are expected to strengthen how they keep pupils with allergies safe.

What schools are expected to do

  • Train all staff every year in allergy awareness and recognising anaphylaxis – not just first-aiders, but teaching assistants, office and catering staff, lunchtime supervisors, caretakers and drivers.
  • Hold spare adrenaline auto-injectors (AAIs) that can be reached within minutes anywhere on site – and which may be used for a child with no known allergy, as around a third of severe reactions are the person’s first.
  • Have a whole-school allergy policy, an allergy register, and an individual healthcare plan for each pupil at risk.

Anyone can act in an emergency – never wait

Under Regulation 238 of the Human Medicines Regulations 2012, any member of staff may give adrenaline to a child they believe is having anaphylaxis. You do not need a formal qualification first, and you must never delay treatment while waiting for a trained person.

The adrenaline devices

As well as the familiar auto-injectors (EpiPen and Jext), there is now EURneffy – a needle-free nasal adrenaline spray that many staff find easier and more confident to use. Whichever device is given, call 999 and say "anaphylaxis".

Training has two parts

Good allergy training is both knowledge and hands-on skill. Online awareness training (recognising a reaction and the school’s emergency response) is ideal for the whole team each year, but it does not replace face-to-face practical training in actually using the adrenaline devices. Staff need both.

Different rules apply outside England. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland follow their own national guidance. The Department for Education’s final statutory guidance for England is expected around July 2026, and this guide will be updated when it is published.

Get your school ready

First Aid For All offers free online allergy & anaphylaxis awareness training for all staff, plus the onsite practical training the guidance expects.

Allergy & anaphylaxis training for schools »  |  Book onsite training

© 2025 First Aid For All | Skills for Life

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